基于纹理分形特性的沥青路面抗滑性能研究综述

高茜楠; 呙润华; 耿靖杰

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.05.002

基于纹理分形特性的沥青路面抗滑性能研究综述

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.05.002

1.
新疆大学建筑工程学院乌鲁木齐 830000
2.
清华大学土木工程系北京 100084

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51568063

清华大学-丰田联合研究院跨学科专项项目 20203910013

详细信息

作者简介:
高茜楠（1998—），硕士研究生. 研究方向：道路资产管理研究. E-mail：785541458@qq.com

通讯作者:
呙润华（1975—），博士，副教授. 研究方向：道路工程材料、交通基础设施养护管理. E-mail：guorh@tsinghua.edu.cn

中图分类号: U416.217
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-16
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-05

A Review on Anti-skid Performance Based on Fractal Characteristics of the Texture of Asphalt Pavement

1.
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China
2.
Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

摘要

摘要: 沥青路面纹理形貌是影响道路抗滑性能的重要因素，而路面纹理具有自相似分形特性，因此借助分形特性实现路面纹理量化，对研究路面纹理与抗滑性能之间的联系具有重要意义。从宏观和微观这2个层面总结了沥青混合料纹理和集料纹理的单重、多重分形特性相关研究；分析了分形理论在路面抗滑级配设计和抗滑集料筛选中的应用，总结了基于分形理论的多种抗滑级配设计模型，提出了基于分形理论的集料优选新思路；对比分析了分形理论与参数统计法、力学解析法及有限元模拟法在路面抗滑性能预测中的结合应用。研究结果表明：分形分析为路面纹理描述提供了新思路，但其分析方法仍未突破关键瓶颈，在模型精确性、标准化、系统性方面仍有一定限制；分形理论与抗滑级配设计和抗滑集料筛选的结合应用仍处于探索阶段，需进一步加强设计方法的合理性研究，验证其在实际工程中的适用性；横向对比各类基于纹理分形特性的抗滑预测模型性能，结果表明，有限元模拟预测模型在实际应用中能更准确地还原复杂条件下的胎-路接触状态，更具发展潜力。展望了基于纹理分形特性的沥青路面抗滑性能的未来研究方向，主要包括多尺度的纹理分形特征与抗滑性能的关联规律、实际工程分形参数判别标准，以及基于分形理论的智能抗滑预测体系构建。
- 道路工程 /
- 沥青路面 /
- 纹理形貌 /
- 分形特性 /
- 抗滑性能
Abstract: Texture morphology of asphalt pavement is an important indicator of the anti-skid performance of asphalt pavement. Meanwhile, pavement texture has its fractal characteristics. Therefore, it is important to study the correlation between pavement texture and anti-skid performance by quantifying its texture with fractal properties. Single and multi-fractal properties of pavement texture and aggregate texture are studied and summarized at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. The applications of fractal theory in the design of anti-skid gradations and selection of anti-skid aggregate for pavements are analyzed. A variety of design of anti-skid gradation models based on the fractal theory are summarized, and a new method of anti-skid aggregate selection for pavements based on the fractal theory is proposed. Finally, the utility of the fractal theory in combination with parametric statistical methods, mechanical analysis, and finite element simulation in the field of prediction of pavement anti-skid performance is compared and analyzed. Study results show that fractal feature analysis provides a new way for the description of pavement texture. However, the fractal analysis methods with a high precision are still the bottlenecks in this field. There are still limitations within the fractal models, in terms of their accuracy, standardization and systematization of their process. The application of fractal theory in combination with gradation design and aggregate selection is still in its preliminary stage. Therefore, it is recommended that design methods in engineering should be validated based on their usefulness in the practice. The performance of various types of prediction models for forecasting anti-skid performance based on texture fractal properties are compared. Study results indicate that the prediction mod-els based on finite element simulation can more accurately restore the tire-road contact state under complex conditions in practice, indicating that such prediction models have a good potential. Future research areas on anti-skid performance of asphalt pavement based on the fractal properties of texture are discussed and proposed, including the correlation between multi-scale texture fractal characteristics and anti-skid performance, criteria for specifying fractal parameters in the practice, and the development of intelligent anti-skid prediction system based on the fractal theory.
- road engineering /
- asphalt pavement /
- texture morphology /
- fractal characteristics /
- anti-skid performance

HTML全文

图 1 路面纹理几何尺度

Figure 1. Geometric scale of pavement texture

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 宏微观纹理对沥青路面摩擦影响的示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the influences of macro and micro textures on friction of asphalt pavement

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 路表纹理构造分类及其形成原因

Table 1. Texture structure classification and formation reasons

类型	波长/mm	振幅/mm	形成原因
微观纹理（micro-texture）	< 0.5	< 0.5	集料表面的初始粗糙度；集料对交通作用和环境因素抛光作用的抵抗力
宏观纹理（macro-texture）	0.5~50	0.1~20	粗集料的大小、级配、形状和分布；路面面层的施工方法
大纹理（mega-texture）	50~500	0.1~50	路面磨损；施工质量缺陷
不平整度（unevenness）	0.5~50		路面摊铺质量缺陷；不均匀沉降

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 分形维数计算方法

Table 2. Calculation methods of fractal dimension

名称	计算方式	相关参数	计算公式	主要特点
盒子计数法（box-counting method）	采用方格覆盖需测量的曲线或图形并统计方格数	δ为方格的边长； N(δ) 为方格数	$D = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\delta \to 0} \frac{{\ln N(\delta )}}{{ - \ln \delta }}$	适用于轮廓曲线和纹理图像的测量
差分盒维数法（differential box-counting，DBC）	对粗糙表面进行分割，依据网格边长计算盒子高度，并统计总盒子数	r为盒子高度（r = s/M）； M为表面投影边长； s为网格边长； N(r) 为盒子总数	$D = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{r \to 0} \frac{{\ln N(r)}}{{\ln (1/r)}}$	适用于二维纹理灰度图像和三维纹理形貌的计算，具有较强稳定性
投影覆盖法（projective covering method，PCM）	采用网格覆盖物体表面，计算并累加网格4个顶点的不规则平面面积	ε为网格边长； S_ij(ε) 为第(i, j) 个网格对应的不规则平面面积； S(ε) 为不规则面积总和	$D=2-\frac{\ln S(\varepsilon)}{\ln \varepsilon}$	适用于三维纹理形貌的计算，以不规则平面面积作为研究量
立方体覆盖法（cubic covering method，CCM）	采用立方体对粗糙表面进行覆盖并统计立方体个数	λ为立方体盒子的边长； N(λ) 为覆盖表面的立方体总数	$D=-\frac{\ln N(\lambda)}{\ln \lambda}$	适用于三维纹理形貌的计算，测试尺度越小计算结果越精确

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表 3 抗滑级配设计模型

Table 3. Design models of skid resistance gradations

文献	理论支撑	模型特点	适用范围	抗滑性能测评
杨瑞华等^[25]	分形几何理论	分别构建出集料粒径分布分形模型和集料体积分形模型，体积分维与表面形貌、级配等均密切相关	连续、间断级配	集料体积分维增大，抗滑性能呈下降趋势
刘林^[26]	分形几何理论	构建级配分形维数用于表征沥青混合料级配特征	连续级配	级配分形维数与抗滑性能和MTD呈负相关关系
赵战利等^[27]	分形理论分形级配理论	构建级配分维数和矿粉、细集料质量分数之间的关系	连续、间断集配	得出抗滑级配分维数与矿粉质量分数的合理范围
童申家等^[28]	变异函数理论分形几何理论	构建集料粒径分布分维与路面纹理分布分维之间的关系	连续集配	纹理分布分维增大，抗滑性能先上升后下降
Hou等^[29]	分形理论集料体积分形模型	构建集料体积分维与纹理图像的面积分维之间的关系	连续集配
黄宝涛等^[30]	集料外露尺寸函数分形理论	构建集料体积分维与集料外露尺寸分维之间的关系	连续、间断集配	集料外露尺寸分维增大，抗滑性能呈上升趋势

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