A Study on Setting Program for Intermittent Bus Lanes at Urban Road Intersections
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摘要: 公交优先政策造成了社会车辆的延误。在保证公交优先的前提下，提高社会车辆在信号交叉口的行驶效益，实现车道通行能力的最大化，研究了1种城市道路交叉口间歇式公交专用道（intermittent bus lane，IBL）运行模式，在公交车辆通行不受干扰时允许社会车辆驶入公交车道。通过设置预信号实时控制进口道的车辆类型，实现公交专用道的分时共享。考虑信号协同和换道规则，建立3车道元胞自动机模型，采用改进的速度效益模型模拟公交专用道运行状态，引入换道压力模型模拟清空区域强制换道规则。以车辆的平均速度、排队和延误时间等作为评价指标，验证交叉口间歇式公交专用道的设置效果。研究结果表明：①相较于传统公交专用道，交通量未达到车道通行能力的50%时，IBL模式下社会车辆平均延误时间和排队时间分别降低6.9%和4.9%，公交车辆平均速度提高3%，平均延误时间降低5%；②当交通量达到车道通行能力50%~80%时，社会车辆平均速度提高15%~37%，平均延误时间降低8%~20%，但是公交车辆平均速度降低3.4%，平均延误时间提高5.7%；③当交通量大于车道通行能力的80%时，社会车辆平均速度提高6.7%，平均延误时间降低5.8%，而公交车辆平均延误时间提高28.2%。最后，选取实际道路交叉口作为应用案例验证IBL的可行性。结果表明，在平峰时段、中等交通量条件下，IBL模式具有良好的适用性，可以显著降低排队时间。Abstract: The bus priority policy would cause the delay of social vehicles. In order to improve the travel efficiency of social vehicles at urban signalized intersections and maximize the lane capacity on the premise of ensuring bus priority. A type of intermittent bus lane (IBL) operation mode at urban road intersections is proposed, allowing social vehicles to enter the bus lane when bus traffic is not disturbed. The type of vehicle at the entrance of intersections is control by setting pre-signals to achieving time-sharing of the bus exclusive lanes. A model of cellular automaton with three-lane is established considering signal coordination and lane-changing rules. A modified speed benefit model is used to simulate the operation status of bus lanes. A lane-changing pressure model is used to simulate the mandatory lane-changing rules in the clearing area. The effectiveness of IBL at intersections is measured using the evaluation indicators including speed, queuing, and delay time of vehicles. The results indicate that: ① When the traffic volume is less than 50% of the lane capacity, the average delay and queueing time of social vehicles under the IBL mode decrease by 6.9% and 4.9% respectively, the average speed of buses increases by 3% and the average delay of buses decreases by 5% comparing to those under the mode of traditional bus exclusive lanes. ② When the traffic volume reaches 50% to 80% of the lane capacity, the average speed of social vehicles increases by 15% to 37% and the average delay decreases by 8% to 20%. However, the average speed of buses decreases by 3.4% and the average delay increases by 5.7%. ③ When the traffic volume exceeds 80% of the lane capacity, the average speed of social vehicles increases by 6.7% and the average delay time decreases by 5.8%. However, and the average delay time of buses increases by 28.2%. Anactual unban intersection is selected as an empirical case study to verify the feasibility of IBL, which shows that the use of IBL can significantly reduce queuing time during off-peak hours and under the moderate traffic volume context.
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表 1 误差检验
Table 1. Error check
实际数据 仿真数据 误差/% 交通量/（辆/h） 速度/（km/h） 交通量/（辆/h） 速度/（km/h） 412 56.3 412 58 3.02 726 53.8 726 56.1 4.28 880 50.2 880 52.9 5.38 1106 45 1106 43.4 3.56 1463 36.9 1463 37.2 0.81 1600 33.4 1600 32.1 3.89 1803 29.6 1803 28.7 3.04 2187 22.9 2187 21.2 7.42 2411 16.8 2411 18.5 10.12 2902 14.8 2902 13.6 8.11 平均百分比误差 4.96 
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表 2 案例道路属性
Table 2. Road properties of the case section
道路属性 参数 道路长度/km 1.5 车道配置 双向12车道，共8条直行车道，1条公交专用道 路幅宽度/m 52 小汽车设计速度/（km/h） 60 公交车设计速度/（km/h） 40 道路通行能力/（辆/h） 1200（单条车道）
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